# A Glance at the History and Early 20th Century Life in London's East End: answers and explanations

Cambridge IELTS 6, Test 1, Listening Part 4

Source: Recording, questions and answer key from Cambridge IELTS 6, Test 1, Listening Part 4. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Used for educational practice. Explanations and evidence notes are written by Testmigo.

## Answer key

| Q | Answer | Proof |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 31 | feed | consisted of farmland with crops and livestock, which helped to feed that population |
| 32 | metal and leather | metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time |
| 33 | restrictions | because there were fewer restrictions there than in the city itself |
| 34 | ships | the first dock was dug, where ships were constructed |
| 35 | England | when much of the rest of England was suffering economically |
| 36 | built | so marshland was drained and built on |
| 37 | poverty | the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty |
| 38 | C, E, F | coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room |
| 39 | C, E, F | might well be occupied by two full families |
| 40 | C, E, F | usually very badly built, because there was no regulation |

## Why these answers are right

**31. feed.** The first row asks what the East End's produce did for Roman London. The lecturer says the area was farmland with crops and livestock, which helped to feed the town's 45,000 people, so feed is the verb that completes the sentence.

**32. metal and leather.** The gap asks what materials the new goods were made of after the Romans left. The lecturer says the technology brought by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes meant metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time, so the answer is metal and leather.

**33. restrictions.** For the eleventh century, the table asks what the East End lacked that helped businesses grow. The lecturer says there were fewer restrictions there than in the city itself, so newcomers settled with their skills. A lack of restrictions is the same idea, so restrictions fits.

The why and the trap for questions 34 onwards are free with an account on the [answers page](https://testmigo.com/ielts/listening/a-glance-at-the-history-and-early-20th-century-life-in-londons-east-end/answers).

## Transcript

**Announcer:** Section 4, you will hear a talk on a Social History of the East End of London.

**Announcer:** First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

**Announcer:** Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

**Speaker:** In the last few weeks we've been looking at various aspects of the social history of London, and this morning we are continuing with a look at life in the area called the East End.

**Speaker:** I'll start with a brief history of the district.

**Speaker:** And then focus on life in the first half of the 20th century.

**Speaker:** Back in the first to the fourth centuries AD, when the Romans controlled England, London grew into a town of 45,000 people, and what's now the East End - the area by the River Thames, and along the road heading northeast from London to the coast - consisted of farmland with crops and livestock, which helped to feed that population.

**Speaker:** The Romans left in 410 at the beginning of the fifth century, and from then onwards, the country suffered a series of invasions by tribes from present day Germany and Denmark, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, many of whom settled in the East End.

**Speaker:** The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.

**Speaker:** And as the East End was by the river, ships could transport goods between there and foreign markets.

**Speaker:** In the eleventh century, in 1066 to be precise, the Normans conquered England.

**Speaker:** And during the next few centuries, London became one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in Europe.

**Speaker:** The East End benefited from this, and because there were fewer restrictions there than in the city itself, plenty of newcomers settled there from abroad, bringing their skills as workers, merchants or money-lenders during the next few hundred years.

**Speaker:** In the 16th century, the first dock was dug, where ships were constructed, eventually making the East End the focus of massive international trade.

**Speaker:** And in the late 16th century,

**Speaker:** when much of the rest of England was suffering economically, a lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for alternative work.

**Speaker:** In the 17th century, the East End was still a series of separate semi-rural settlements.

**Speaker:** There was a shortage of accommodation, so marshland was drained and built on to house the large numbers of people now living there.

**Speaker:** By the 19th century, London was the busiest port in the world.

**Speaker:** And this became the main source of employment in the East End.

**Speaker:** Those who could afford to live in more pleasant surroundings moved out.

**Speaker:** And the area became one where the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty and suffered from appalling sanitary conditions.

**Speaker:** That brief outline takes us to the beginning of the 20th century, and now we'll turn to housing.

**Speaker:** At the beginning of the century, living conditions for the majority of working people in East London were very basic indeed.

**Speaker:** Houses were crowded closely together, and usually very badly built, because there was no regulation. But the poor and needy were attracted by the possibility of work, and they had to be housed.

**Speaker:** It was the availability rather than the condition of the housing.

**Speaker:** That was a major concern for tenants and landlords alike.

**Speaker:** Few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room.

**Speaker:** Of course, the smoke from these contributed a great deal to the air pollution for which London used to be famous.

**Speaker:** A tiny damp unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts and uncles.

**Speaker:** Now, before I go on to health implications of this way of life, I'll say something about food and nutrition.

**Announcer:** That is the end of Section 4.

**Announcer:** You now have half a minute to check your answers.

[Practice A Glance at the History and Early 20th Century Life in London's East End](https://testmigo.com/ielts/listening/a-glance-at-the-history-and-early-20th-century-life-in-londons-east-end)