# CHILDREN'S THINKING: answers and explanations

Cambridge IELTS 2, Test 1, Reading Passage 3

Source: Passage, questions and answer key from Cambridge IELTS 2, Test 1, Reading Passage 3. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Used for educational practice. Explanations and evidence notes are written by Testmigo.

## Answer key

| Q | Answer | Proof |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 28 | A | One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull |
| 29 | C | adults in an African culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers' task either |
| 30 | C | Instead of the button-pressing machine, Cole used a locked box and two differently coloured match-boxes |
| 31 | D | The two modifications together produced a jump in success rates from 30 per cent to 90 per cent for five-year-olds |
| 32 | D | he replaced the button-pressing mechanism in the side panels by drawers in these panels |
| 33 | C | Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects |
| 34 | B | five-year-old children solve the problem as well as college students did in the Kendlers' own experiments |
| 35 | D | the difficulty lies not in the inferential processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure |
| 36 | NOT GIVEN | Two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler |
| 37 | YES | The children were trained on each stage separately. |
| 38 | YES | But psychologically it is quite different. ... It then turns out that the difficulty of 'integration' is greatly reduced, |
| 39 | YES | How is he to know that any other marble of similar size will do just as well? |
| 40 | NO | For three-year-olds, for reasons that are still in need of clarification, no improvement - rather a slight drop in performance - resulted from the change. |

## Why these answers are right

**28. A.** The statement describes someone presented as famous in psychology. The passage opens by calling Clark Hull one of the most eminent of psychologists, and eminent means famous and respected, so the person cited this way is A, Clark Hull.

**29. C.** This statement is about showing that the button and marble task causes problems for some adults too. The writer says that, according to Michael Cole and his colleagues, adults in an African culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers' task either, so the answer is C.

**30. C.** You need the researcher whose experiment used no marbles. Cole replaced the button-pressing machine with a locked box and two differently colored match-boxes, one holding a key, so the two steps involve a key and a box instead of a marble, which points to C.

The why and the trap for questions 31 onwards are free with an account on the [answers page](https://testmigo.com/ielts/reading/childrens-thinking/answers).

[Practice CHILDREN'S THINKING](https://testmigo.com/ielts/reading/childrens-thinking)