# EUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 1990-2010: answers and explanations

Cambridge IELTS 10, Test 1, Reading Passage 2

Source: Passage, questions and answer key from Cambridge IELTS 10, Test 1, Reading Passage 2. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Used for educational practice. Explanations and evidence notes are written by Testmigo.

## Answer key

| Q | Answer | Proof |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14 | viii | the determining factor is the spectacular growth in car use. |
| 15 | iii | the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant |
| 16 | xi | The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase transport flows |
| 17 | i | a new imperative - sustainable development - offers an opportunity for adapting the EU's common transport policy. |
| 18 | v | road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO₂ emissions attributable to transport. |
| 19 | x | The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. |
| 20 | ii | concentrates on road transport pricing but is accompanied by measures to increase the efficiency of the other modes |
| 21 | iv | comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to revitalising alternative modes of transport and targeting investment in the trans-European network. |
| 22 | TRUE | Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. |
| 23 | FALSE | to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away |
| 24 | NOT GIVEN | the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s. |
| 25 | NOT GIVEN | This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council |
| 26 | FALSE | increase by around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by 2020, compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990. |

## Why these answers are right

**14. viii.** Paragraph A explains why demand for transport keeps rising and names the spectacular growth in car use as the key factor for passengers, with three million more cars each year. Cars are private transport, so heading viii, rapid growth of private transport, fits.

**15. iii.** Paragraph B links goods transport to a move from a stock economy to a flow economy and to industries relocating, so production sites may be hundreds or thousands of kilometers from assembly plants or users. That matches heading iii, about the distances goods may travel.

**16. xi.** Paragraph C deals with countries that are candidates for entry to the EU, giving their growth in exports and imports and the shift from rail to road haulage. Candidates for entry means awaiting EU admission, so the heading is xi.

The why and the trap for questions 17 onwards are free with an account on the [answers page](https://testmigo.com/ielts/reading/european-transport-systems-1990-2010/answers).

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