# Motivational factors and the hospitality industry: answers and explanations

Cambridge IELTS 14, Test 1, Reading Passage 3

Source: Passage, questions and answer key from Cambridge IELTS 14, Test 1, Reading Passage 3. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Used for educational practice. Explanations and evidence notes are written by Testmigo.

## Answer key

| Q | Answer | Proof |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 27 | E | This requires an understanding of what motivates employees at different levels of management and different stages of their careers (Enz and Siguaw, 2000). |
| 28 | D | employees feel more obligated to stay with the company. |
| 29 | B | the hospitality industry has historically been dominated by underdeveloped HR practices (Lucas, 2002). |
| 30 | D | motivate employees to work together |
| 31 | C | Among the many cited reasons are low compensation, inadequate benefits, poor working conditions |
| 32 | YES | compromised employee morale and attitudes (Maroudas et al., 2008). |
| 33 | NO | no evidence exists to support this hypothesis (Spector et al., 2000). |
| 34 | NO | just fulfilling these needs does not result in satisfaction, but only in the reduction of dissatisfaction |
| 35 | NOT GIVEN | allowing adequate breaks during the working day |
| 36 | restaurants | conducted a study focusing on staff from a chain of themed restaurants in the United States. |
| 37 | performance | fun activities had a favorable impact on performance |
| 38 | turnover | manager support for fun had a favorable impact in reducing turnover. |
| 39 | goals | must be carefully aligned with both organizational goals |
| 40 | characteristics | both organizational goals and employee characteristics. |

## Why these answers are right

**27. E.** The statement says managers must know what will make good staff stay. Paragraph H says hotels need practices that inspire and retain competent employees, which requires understanding what motivates staff, and this view is credited to Enz and Siguaw. So the answer is E.

**28. D.** The statement links managers' actions with staff feeling they should not leave. Ng and Sorensen in paragraph E found that when managers give recognition, encourage teamwork and remove obstacles, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company. Feeling obligated to stay matches the statement, so the answer is D.

**29. B.** The statement says the industry does little to develop workers' skills. Paragraph C cites Lucas for the view that hospitality has been dominated by underdeveloped HR practices, and paragraph D adds that its HRM does not draw out people's full potential. So B, Lucas, is correct.

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