# PTE Essay #23: Factors Influencing Human...

Write Essay #23 - Level 2 - Feeds Writing

> You have 20 minutes to plan, write and check an essay on the topic below. Write 200-300 words and answer the question exactly as it is asked.

In general, people are living longer now. List some causes of this phenomenon.

## Answer

In most parts of the world, people today live considerably longer than their grandparents did. In my opinion, this trend is the result of two main causes: advances in medical care and improvements in everyday living conditions. Together, these factors have reduced the number of early deaths and allowed more people to reach old age.

The first and most important cause is progress in medicine. Vaccines have made many once-deadly childhood diseases rare, and antibiotics now cure infections that used to be fatal. In addition, modern treatments allow doctors to manage long-term conditions such as diabetes and heart disease for decades. For example, a patient who suffers a heart attack today can often receive surgery and medication that let him return to work within months.

A second cause is better living standards, particularly in nutrition, sanitation and working conditions. Clean drinking water and proper sewage systems have greatly reduced the spread of disease in cities. Meanwhile, a more varied diet gives people the nutrients they need to stay strong. Safer workplaces also matter, since fewer people now perform dangerous manual labor without protection. In many developing regions, for instance, the arrival of piped water in villages has noticeably reduced illness among both children and the elderly.

In conclusion, people are living longer mainly because of medical progress and improved living conditions. Better treatment keeps people alive when they fall ill, while cleaner, safer and better-fed lives prevent many illnesses from occurring at all. These causes are likely to continue extending human life in the future.

## Explanation

A high-scoring response effectively categorizes factors into distinct themes such as medical advancements, improved nutrition, and safer working conditions. Each paragraph should focus on one primary cause to ensure logical flow and clarity.

## Hints

- Consider how modern medicine, such as vaccines and antibiotics, has reduced mortality rates from infectious diseases.
- Think about how better access to clean water, sanitation, and nutritional education has improved overall public health standards.

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